 |
|
| Instructors |
Mr. Keith D. McDonald, NavtechGPS
Dr. Chris Hegarty, MITRE |
Objectives |
• To give a comprehensive introduction to GPS and DGPS technology, system concepts, design, operation, implementation and applications.
• To provide detailed information on the GPS signal, its processing by the receiver, and the techniques by which GPS obtains position, velocity and time.
• To present current information on the status, plans, schedule and capabilities for GPS, as well as for other satellite-based systems with position determination applications.
• To fill in technical information gaps for those working in GPS. |
Prerequisites |
Familiarity with engineering terms and analysis techniques. General familiarity with matrix operations is desirable for Thursday and Friday, and familiarity with signal processing techniques is desirable for Wednesday through Friday. |
| Who Should Attend? |
Excellent for engineering staff who need to be rapidly brought up to speed on GPS, and for those already working in GPS who need exposure to the system as a whole, in order to work more effectively. |
| Course Schedule |
DAY 1
Mr. Keith
McDonald, NavtechGPS |
|
8:30 - GPS
System Description, Applications
and Status
Receivers
& boards: technology and services
GPS characteristics, capabilities
Nav technique; 4-satellite ranging
System segments, interdependence
GPS configuration; JPO, functions
9:45 -
GPS
Performance and Policy
Accuracy,
avail., integrity, SPS, PPS
DoD & DoT policy, Anti-Spoof (A-S), system status, applications
GPS
Space Segment; How sats and
orbit data affect system op’s.
Orbital
parameters, Kepler’s laws; ephemeris data
Block I, II, IIA, IIR, IIR-M, IIF, III features
11:00 -
GPS
Constellation; Coverage and
Performance; How satellite geometry
affects rcvr performance
Dilution
of precision (DOP), visibility, analysis methods
GPS
Operational Control Segment
(OCS); How OCS uploads
& monitors the GPS constellation
OCS
network, functions, operation,vulnerabilities
12:00 - Lunch
on your own
1:30 -
GPS
System Concept and
Operation
Position
determination techniques; pseudoranging
Signal structure, modulation, spectrum
Pseudorandom noise (PRN) codes, C/A, P(Y) codes
GPS data message, format, data transmitted by S/C
Correlation processing; signal acquisition; power levels, signal policy,
pseudoranging
Navigation solution; velocity solution
2:45 -
Error
Sources & Receiver Effects
Systematic
and random errors, tropospheric effects, dispersion
Ionospheric propagation effects
AFGD ionospheric model;2-frequency correction
Multipath, mitigation techniques; error budgets; SPS and PPS signals
4:00 - Introduction
to DGPS
Precision
relative measurements
Differential operation, common bias terms
GPS
Receivers, Architectures and
Equipment
Receiver
config's; types & performance
Receiver block diagrams; carrier and code tracking loops
Carrier smoothing, aiding
Receiver sequence of operation
5:00 - Day 1 (Course 111) Ends
|
DAY 2
Mr. McDonald |
|
8:30 -
GPS Clocks,
Precise Time & Time
Interval Measurement
How GPS time is obtained and transferred
between users
GPS
clocks, atomic standards
Performance, measures, Allan variance
Time standards and time transfer techniques
Rcvr clocks; errors & capabilities
9:45 -
GPS
Navigation Data Message
How receivers obtain basic GPS
data
Data
requirements, message structure
TLM (telemetry) and HOW (handover) words
SV clock corrections, ephemeris, almanac, other messages
Ionosphere and UTC time correction models
11:00 -
GPS for
Precise Positioning
Obtaining cm
level accuracy
Survey,
geodesy, reference datums, conversion
Carrier phase measurements, cycle integer ambiguity
Interferometry; differencing of measurements
Accuracy, potential and limitations
12:00 - Lunch on your own
1:30 -
GPS Performance Parameters,
Applications and Planning
Coverage, availability, integrity, accuracy definitions
Application Areas
GPS, GNSS Planning
GLONASS: The Russian Navsat System
System concept, operation, signal structure, receivers, issues
GLONASS/GPS operations
2:45 -
Galileo -
The European GNSS
Motivation, objectives, performance, requirements
Architectures, system segments, status
Operation, schedule, economics
Giove A, B test spacecraft
Signal spectrum, signal structure
Services, receivers, plans
4:00 -
GPS
Modernization Perspective
GPS operat. modes, performance
Need for improvements; objectives; military/civil
Additional signals; carriers, codes
Accuracy improvements, power,
availability, integrity
Perf. improvements for 2004-2010+
Galileo relationship; institutional
policy, plans, projection
5:00 - Day 2 (Course 122) Ends
|
DAY 3
Dr.
Chris Hegarty, MITRE
COURSE
356B:
GPS OPERATIONS: DGPS, GPS SIGNALS AND PROCESSING
February 27-29,
2008 ~
June
4-6,
2008 |
|
8:30 - DGPS
Overview
Local-area, regional-area, wide-area architectures
Code vs. carrier phase based systems
Pseudolites
Performance overview
9:45 - Differential Error Sources
Satellite ephemeris errors
Satellite clock errors
Selective availability
Ionospheric and tropospheric delay
Multipath
Receiver internal noise and biases
11:00 - Observable Modeling
Code pseudorange and carrier phase outputs
Code-minus-carrier observables
Carrier smoothed code operation
Double difference operation
System error budgets
12:00 - Lunch on your own
1:30 - DGPS Design Considerations
Range vs. navigation domain corrections
Data links; Pseudolites
Reducing major error components
Ambiguity resolution
2:45 - DGPS Case Studies I
RTCM SC104 message format
USCG maritime DGPS and National DGPS (NDGPS)
Commercial satellite-based systems
4:00 - DGPS Case Studies II
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS); pseudolites
RINEX format
CORS network for precise positioning (survey)
Precise time transfer
5:00 - Day 3
(Course 217) Ends
|
DAY 4
Dr.
Hegarty |
|
8:30 - GPS Signal Structure and Message Content
Signal structures
Signal properties
Navigation message
9:45 - GPS Receiver Overview
Functional overview
Synchronization concepts
Acquisition
Code tracking
Carrier tracking
Data demodulation
11:00 - GPS Antennas
Antenna types
Antenna performance characteristics
Prefilters
Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs)
Noise figure
12:00 - Lunch on your own
1:30 - GPS Signal Processing
In-phase and quadra-phase signal paths
Analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
Correlation channels
Acquisition strategies
2:45 - Code Tracking, Carrier Tracking and Data Demodulation
Delay locked loop (DLL) implementations; performance
Frequency locked loops (FLLs)
Phase locked loops (PLLs)
Carrier-aiding of DLLs
Data demodulation
4:00 - Receiver Performance Considerations and Enhancements
Bandlimiting of received signal
Oscillators; Multipath; Interference
Codeless and semi-codeless tracking
Carrier smoothing
Narrow correlator spacing
Gated and strobe correlators
Vector tracking; external aiding
5:00 - Day 4 Ends
|
DAY 5
Dr.
Hegarty |
|
8:30 - Case Study: Tracing a GPS Signal Through a Receiver
Received signal
Digitized signal
Correlator outputs
Code phase estimate
Carrier phase estimate
Data demodulation
9:45 - GPS Navigation Algorithms-Point Solutions
Pseudorange measurement models
Point solution method and example
11:00 - Basics of Kalman Filtering
Introduction to Kalman Filtering
Filter structure
Simulation results
12:00 - Lunch on your own
1:30 - Kalman Filtering for GPS Navigation
Clock models and dynamic models
Integration with INS
Measurement and dynamic mismodeling
2:45 - Practical Aspects I
Types of GPS and DGPS receivers
Understanding specification sheets
Datalinks
Antennas
4:00 - Practical Aspects II
Receiver and interface standards
Connectors
Accessories
Test,
Evaluation, and
Signal Performance
5:00 - Course Ends |
| Materials
You Will Keep |
•
A copy of all materials presented.
Course 356 or 356B:
A copy
of the following text:
•
Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements &
Performance 2nd Edition, Pratap Misra/Per Enge, Ganga Jamuna Press,
2005.
•
NavtechGPS CD-ROM containing a variety of GNSS references.
Course 217:
A copy
of the following text:
•
Global Positioning System Vol.
IV, The Institute of Navigation, 1993.
•
NavtechGPS CD-ROM containing a variety of GNSS references.
Course 122:
A copy
of the following text:
•
Introduction to GPS - The Global Positioning System 2nd Edition
by Ahmed El-Rabbany, Artech House Inc., 2006.
•
NavtechGPS CD-ROM containing a variety of GNSS references.
Course 111:
A copy
of the following text:
•
GPS Positioning Guide, Geodetic Survey Div., EMR Canada, 1993.
•
NavtechGPS CD-ROM containing a variety of GNSS references.
|
| Continuing
Education Units |
Course
356: 3.0
(30 hours)
Course
111: 0.6
(6 hours)
Course
122: 1.2
(12 hours)
Course
217: 0.6
(6 hours)
Course
356B: 1.8
(18 hours)
|
| Attendee Quotes
|
“This
course has been a tremendous help to me! The instructors were
excellent. I highly recommend this course for professionals seeking an
introduction to GPS and DGPS.”
- Flavel Blyden, Organization withheld
“Extremely helpful. I arrived at the course with 100 questions.
I left the course with 1000 answers.”
- Colin Harding, Flight Precision Limited
“Very good information for systems engineers.”
- Brian N. Harris, General Motors Defense
“I am involved in aircraft test and evaluation. GPS and IN/GPS are primary navigation and guidance systems. The overviews of GPS and its future developments are invaluable.”
- M. R. Alexander, Qinetiq
“Both instructors were far better than I hoped for. I especially like the way the material was presented in layers. First, a comprehensive overview by Mr. McDonald, then a concentrated discussion by Dr. Hegarty. Seeing important points presented a second time, after some gestation, worked for me. A good engineer can go on his own from here. Thanks for a coherent overview that would be very difficult to assemble on your own from the vast literature.”
- Frederick W. Kiefer, Bogdon Associates
“This course gave me the background to develop GPS applications whilst understanding the subtleties concerning coverage and access.”
- Joseph Newman, AT&T Laboratories
“The most useful session for me was ‘Differential Error Sources’ because it gave me a very good idea on performance of the GPS component of our system and how it might be improved.”
- Damir Latypov, TerraPoint, LLC
“I will use this information at work by understanding system requirements better in implementing tests and by knowing more of the issues in the GPS field and how they may effect projects I work on.”
- David Ritchie, Rockwell Collins
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