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The GPS/GNSS newsletter by Navtech Seminars
& GPS Supply,
the GPS professional's resource since 1984. |
| May 30, 2002 |
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Editor-in-Chief:
Carolyn P. McDonald (send news items to cmcdonald@navtechgps.com)
Technical
Editor: Keith D. McDonald (satconsult@aol.com)
Production
& Design:
F'Lynne Didenko (fdidenko@navtechgps.com)
Welcome to "GPSetc.com
News" published
by Navtech Seminars & GPS Supply - your source for GPS/GNSS
news! To see previous
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Included
in this Newsletter:
(click on hyperlinks below to jump to news items)
1)
Navtech Room Block in Annapolis Has Been Extended to May 31!
2)
New GPS Quiz by Accord Software & Systems
3)
NAVCEN News
4)
News from the ION
5)
Navtech's ION GPS-2002 Tutorial Info Now on Web!
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1)
Navtech Room Block in Annapolis Has Been Extended to May 31!
Good news for those of you who have not yet reserved your
hotel room for our June courses in Annapolis. You can still get
our special rate if you make your reservations by this Friday.
Be sure to let them know you are with Navtech.
$90 + 12% tax for everyone (2nd person in same room is $10
per day).
After this date, rooms are offered on a space available
basis. The hotel is filling up, so please do not delay!
HOTEL INFO:
All of Navtech's June 17-21, 2002 public courses will be held
at:
Sheraton Barcelo Hotel
173 Jennifer Road
Annapolis,
Maryland 21401
Tel (410)266-3131, Fax (410)266-6247
www.sheraton.com
Rooms must be guaranteed. Hotel has a 24 hour cancellation
policy.
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2)
New GPS Quiz by Accord Software & Systems
GPS Quiz - Part I Volume 1
(The author of the below questionnaire is Dr. Jayanta Kumar
Ray (email: jkray@accord-soft.com) of Accord Software &
Systems Private Limited, Bangalore, India. Accord Software and
Systems is a leader in programmable DSP-based GPS Receiver
Technology. The references for this questionnaire pinpointing
the page numbers where the answers can be found are given on the
website www.accord-soft.com
under the heading "GPS Quiz")
1. A GPS receiver uses the following for determining the user
position:
a) range measurement
b) angular measurement
c) both range and angular measurements
d) neither range nor angular measurements
2. A side real day is about
a) 24 hours
b) 23 hours 56 min
c) 24 hours 4 min
d) none of the above
3. The C/A code chip width is approximately
a) 3 m
b) 30 m
c) 300 m
d) 3000 m
4. The GPS signal travels mostly through the
a) ionosphere
b) troposphere
c) ionosphere and troposphere (atmosphere)
d) free space
5. The obliquity factor for the ionospheric delay error at a
5 deg mask angle is about
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
6. Code measurement smoothing with carrier reduces
a) receiver noise only
b) multipath effects only
c) receiver noise and multipath effects
d) ionospheric delay error
7. If the receiver clock bias is known accurately, then the
VDOP will
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain unchanged
d) be arbitrarily changed as the receiver clock bias and
VDOP are unrelated
8. The time accuracy using a good GPS receiver (with SA OFF)
in position hold and stand-alone mode is approximately
a) 3-4 ns
b) 30-40 ns
c) 300-400 ns
d) 3000-4000 ns
9. The GPS satellite antenna signal beam width that covers
the surface of the earth facing the GPS satellite is
a) 14.2 degree
b) 21.4 degree
c) 28.6 degree
d) 43.7 degree
10. Large ground plane when added to a GPS antenna
a) reduces the back lobes (gain) thereby attenuating
the
ground reflections to the antenna
b) physically blocks the ground reflections coming to
the
antenna
c) reduces the front lobes (gain) thereby amplifying
the
direct signal
d) has no effect to the antenna gain pattern
11. The function of the mixers in the GPS receiver RF
front-end is
a) to correlate the local code with the incoming signal
b) to remove the carrier from the signal
c) to remove the code from the signal
d) to bring down the carrier frequency from L band to
lower
frequency band
12. The difference of the code range and carrier phase
measurements (assuming no cycle slip) mainly has the following
components
a) code noise
b) code noise and multipath
c) code noise, multipath and ionospheric delay error
d) code noise, multipath and twice the ionospheric
delay
error
13. The RTCM Type 1 message from a DGPS reference station
contains
a) Reference station parameters
b) Delta differential GPS corrections
c) Differential GPS corrections
d) Constellation health
14. Each navigation data sub-frame has
a) 30 words
b) 30 bits
c) 300 bits
d) 1500 bits
15. The Costas loop is generally used for GPS signal carrier
tracking as
a) it has high tolerance for dynamic stress
b) it is insensitive to 180 deg phase reversal due to data
bit
transition
c) it has higher accuracy compared to FLL and PLL
d) it is easy to implement
Grade your performance:
Excellent (13-15), Very good (11-12), Good (8-10)
Answers:
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9.
(c) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (b)
References:
1. ICD-GPS-200C (1993), Interface Control Document,
Navstar GPS Space Segment and Navigation User Interfaces,
Prepared by ARINC Research Corporation, California. See PDF at
NAVCEN’s
website. Paper copy available through Navtech
GPS Supply.
2. Kaplan, E.D. (1996), Understanding GPS Principles and
Applications, Artech House Publishers, Boston. Available
through Navtech
GPS Supply.
3. Lachapelle, G. (1997), GPS Theory and Applications,
ENGO 625, Geomatics Engineering, The University of Calgary,
Calgary, Canada. Contact
Navtech GPS Supply for information.
4. Misra, P. and Enge, P. (2001), Global Positioning
System: Signals, Measurements and Performance,
Ganga-Jamuna Press, Lincoln, Massachusetts. Distributed
exclusively by Navtech
GPS Supply.
5. Parkinson, Brad W. and Spilker, James J. Jr. (1996), Global
Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Volume I,
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.,
Washington DC. Available through Navtech
GPS Supply.
6. RTCM SC-104 (1994), RTCM Recommended Standards for
Differential Navstar GPS Service, Version 2.1, Washington
DC. Available through the RTCM.
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3)
NAVCEN News
-----Original Message-----
From: Casswell, Rebecca [mailto:RCasswell@navcen.uscg.mil]
Sent: Monday, May 06, 2002 5:42 PM
Subject: CGSIC Meeting Presentations
The presentations from the 39th CGSIC Meeting that was held
17-19 April in
Springfield, Virginia are now available on the NAVCEN website.
(http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/cgsic/meetings/summaryrpts/39thmeeting/39thcgsic.htm)
Mark your calendars!
Future meetings-
22-24 September 2002, 40th Meeting, Portland Convention Center,
Portland, Oregon (prior
to the GPS ION Conference)
19-21 March 2003, 41st Meeting, Washington, DC area.
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4)
News from the ION
a) ION 58th Annual Meeting & CIGTF 21st
Guidance Test Symposium
June 25-26, 2002
Hyatt Regency Hotel - Albuquerque, New Mexico
FRIDAY, JUNE 14: Classified Session Clearance Deadline
All visit requests, Need-to-Know certifications and security
clearance authorizations must be received by CIGTF/46th Test
Group. See ION website for details: http://www.ion.org/meetings/am2002/clearance.pdf
Other meeting-related links:
Technical Program: http://www.ion.org/meetings/am2002program.cfm
Airport Shuttle Discount Coupon: http://www.ion.org/meetings/am2002/airport_shuttle.pdf
For additional information, visit the ION Web site or call
the ION at (703) 683-7101, email: mailto:membership@ion.org
b) The Institute of Navigation's National Office is
moving! As of Monday, June 3, 2002 the ION may be contacted as
indicated below. Please update your records accordingly.
Institute of Navigation
3975 University Drive, Suite 390
Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: (703) 383-9688
Fax: (703) 383-9689
As always, you may contact the ION via the Internet:
Website: www.ion.org
Email: membership@ion.org
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5)
Navtech's ION GPS-2002 Tutorial Info Now on Web!
Go to http://www.navtechgps.com/seminars/GPStutorials/iongps2002.asp
for information on all 35 of our half-day tutorials to be
presented prior to the ION GPS-2002 conference in Portland,
Oregon this September.
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SEND
US YOUR NEWS ITEMS, WITH SOURCES!
Carolyn McDonald, Editor
cmcdonald@navtechgps.com
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